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Beginner (Levels 1-2)
μ΄μμ/μμ is the informal polite way to say 'is/am/are'. Use μ΄μμ after a consonant, and μμ after a vowel.
μ/λ marks the topic of a sentence β use μ after a consonant, λ after a vowel. μ shows possession: [owner]μ [thing], though it's often dropped in casual speech.
Two common ways to negate a verb/adjective: put μ directly before it (short form), or add ~μ§ μλ€ after the verb stem (long form). Both mean the same thing.
In spoken Korean, the easiest way to ask a yes/no question is rising intonation on a statement ending in μ. Question words include λ (mwo, what), μ΄λ (eodi, where), λꡬ (nugu, who), μΈμ (eonje, when).
Korean has two number systems. Sino-Korean (μΌ, μ΄, μΌ...) is used for money, phone numbers, dates, and minutes. Native Korean (νλ, λ, μ ...) is used for age and counting objects, and changes form before a counter word (νλβν, λβλ, μ βμΈ).