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Beginner
㯠(pronounced 'wa') marks the topic of a sentence. ă§ă (desu) is a polite way to say 'is/am/are'. Together, 'A 㯠B ă§ă' means 'A is B'.
The polite present tense of Japanese verbs ends in ăŸă (masu). This form covers both present and future actions, and it works the same way regardless of the subject (I, you, he, she, we, they).
ăź (no) connects two nouns to show possession or description, similar to English's 's or "of": [owner] ăź [thing]. Common pronouns: ç§ (watashi, I), ăăȘă (anata, you), ćœŒ (kare, he), ćœŒć„ł (kanojo, she).
To negate ă§ă (is/am/are), use ă§ăŻăăăŸăă (or the shorter ăăăăăŸăă in casual speech). To negate a ăŸă verb, change ăŸă to ăŸăă.
To turn a statement into a question, add ă (ka) to the end of the sentence â no word order change needed. Question words like äœ (nani, what), ă©ă (doko, where), ă ă (dare, who), ă〠(itsu, when) combine with ă too.