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Beginner
In Arabic, present-tense sentences like 'I am a student' don't need a verb for 'to be' โ the subject sits directly next to the description. This is called a nominal sentence.
Arabic possession is often shown by attaching a suffix directly to the end of a noun rather than using a separate word: ู (-i, my), ู (-ka, your, masculine), ูุง (-ha, her), ู (-hu, his).
ูุง negates present-tense verbs and general statements. ููุณ negates nominal (verb-less) sentences, and it conjugates to match the subject โ ููุณ for 'he,' ููุณุช for 'she.'
Add ูู to the beginning of a sentence to form a simple yes/no question โ the rest of the sentence keeps its normal order. Question words include ู ุง/ู ุงุฐุง (what), ุฃูู (where), ู ู (who), ู ุชู (when).
Arabic numbers 1-10, in the simple counting form used when saying a number by itself. (Numbers 3-10 change form when they directly precede a noun, and even swap grammatical gender relative to it โ a genuinely advanced topic saved for a later lesson; this one keeps to counting on its own.)